sapiens in present-day Australasian populations (i.e., Australians, New Guineans and Asian Negrito) 9, 10, 11, 12, recent genomic studies on ancient and extant humans suggest that if there was any genetic contribution of such early dispersals to present-day populations, it was not substantial, being less than 1% 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.įossil and archeological evidence for early range expansions include the famous sites of Skhul and Qafzeh in Israel and more recent finds in the eastern Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula, East and Southeast Asia, and Australia. While there is some genetic evidence supporting a separate, early worldwide expansion of H. sapiens populations after 50–60 kyr, followed by a divergence of descendant groups westward into Europe and eastward into South Asia 1, 7, 8.

Genomic evidence strongly supports a single rapid dispersal of all ancestral non-African H. 3, 4, 5, 6 for review) with dispersal models falling into two broad categories: an early dispersal during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (~130–80 kyr) and a late dispersal occurring in a post-MIS 5 time frame 3. The number, timing, and route(s) of human dispersals out of Africa into Eurasia is intensely debated (see refs. Nature Communications volume 14, Article number: 3193 ( 2023)Ĭurrent genetic and fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens around 300 kyr 1, 2. Early presence of Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia by 86–68 kyr at Tam Pà Ling, Northern Laos

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